Compared to atracurium, cisatracurium causes less release of which substance?

Cisatracurium is a neuromuscular blocking agent that is known for its improved safety profile compared to atracurium. One of the significant differences between these two drugs is related to their histamine release properties. Atracurium is more likely to cause the release of histamine, which can lead to adverse effects such as hypotension and bronchospasm during administration.

Cisatracurium, on the other hand, demonstrates less histamine release, making it a better choice in scenarios where histamine-induced side effects need to be minimized. This property is particularly important in patients with asthma or those who are hemodynamically unstable, where minimizing the risk of histamine-induced responses is crucial.

The other substances listed—acetylcholine, epinephrine, and serotonin—are not directly related to the effects of these neuromuscular blockers in the context of histamine release. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction that the neuromuscular blockers work against, while epinephrine and serotonin do not play a significant role in the mechanism of action or side effects related to atracurium and cisatracurium. Therefore, the correct answer highlights