What is a complication of excessive endotracheal tube cuff pressure?

Excessive endotracheal tube cuff pressure can lead to tracheal mucosal injury as a significant complication. When the cuff pressure is too high, it exerts excessive force against the tracheal wall. This pressure can compromise the blood supply to the tracheal mucosa, resulting in ischemia and potential necrosis of the tissue. The damaged mucosal lining may lead to inflammation, ulceration, or even the formation of granulation tissue, increasing the risk of complications such as tracheal stenosis or tracheoesophageal fistula over time.

Maintaining appropriate cuff pressure is critical to ensure the safety of the airway while also protecting the integrity of the trachea. The ideal cuff pressure should be sufficient to prevent air leaks during mechanical ventilation while minimizing the risk of damage to the surrounding tracheal tissue.