What is a key reason for monitoring end-tidal CO2 during surgery?

Monitoring end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) during surgery is crucial primarily for detecting hypoventilation or hyperventilation. ETCO2 measurement provides real-time feedback on the patient's respiratory status, reflecting the balance between carbon dioxide production in the tissues and its elimination through ventilation. This monitoring is essential because abnormal levels of ETCO2 can indicate respiratory complications—such as inadequate ventilation, which can lead to increased carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia) or excessive ventilation, which can cause decreased CO2 levels (hypocapnia).

Understanding the patient's ventilation status allows for timely interventions to correct any respiratory issues, ensuring appropriate oxygenation and acid-base balance. This direct correlation makes ETCO2 a vital parameter in the management of anesthesia and overall patient safety during surgical procedures.