What is the principal mineralcorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex?

Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of electrolyte and fluid balance in the body. Aldosterone primarily acts on the kidneys, where it promotes the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium. This action helps to maintain blood pressure and contributes to overall homeostasis by managing fluid volumes.

Cortisol, while also produced by the adrenal cortex, is classified as a glucocorticoid, primarily involved in stress response, metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and anti-inflammatory effects. Epinephrine, on the other hand, is produced by the adrenal medulla and is involved in the body's fight-or-flight response. Androgens, also produced by the adrenal cortex, are male sex hormones that have various functions, but they do not primarily serve as mineralocorticoids.

Thus, the role of aldosterone in mineral balance distinctly positions it as the principal mineralocorticoid from the adrenal cortex.