Which preoperative assessment is commonly recommended for elderly patients?

In the preoperative assessment of elderly patients, evaluating cardiac risk and pulmonary function is particularly crucial. Elderly individuals often experience increased comorbidities that can complicate surgical outcomes. Assessing cardiac risk helps identify patients with potential cardiovascular issues, such as coronary artery disease or heart failure, which can significantly affect perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Additionally, pulmonary function tests are vital because many elderly patients may have underlying respiratory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which could lead to complications during and after surgery. By thoroughly assessing both cardiac and pulmonary functions, healthcare providers can formulate a more tailored anesthesia plan, optimize the management of any identified conditions, and ultimately improve the safety and effectiveness of the perioperative care provided to elderly patients.

The other options, such as routine blood tests, a physical examination alone, or psychological evaluations, do not comprehensively address the specific risks associated with surgery in the elderly population. While those assessments might have their roles, they do not encompass the critical focus on the cardiac and pulmonary health that is paramount for this demographic.